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What is the "Criminal Record Certificate" and how is it related to the identity card in Panama?
The "Criminal Record Certificate" is a document that demonstrates the lack of a criminal record in Panama and can be requested by the holder for various purposes.
What is the principle of subsidiarity in Brazilian criminal law?
The principle of subsidiarity establishes that criminal law must intervene as a last resort to resolve social conflicts, being complemented by other means of social control, such as education, crime prevention, mediation and conciliation, in order to avoid excessive criminalization and encourage peaceful resolution of conflicts.
What is being done to prevent and address discrimination and gender violence against migrant and refugee women in Colombia?
In Colombia, actions are implemented to prevent and address discrimination and gender violence against migrant and refugee women. Inclusion and protection policies are promoted, access to health care services, legal advice and psychosocial support is provided. The mechanisms for identifying and addressing the specific needs of these women are strengthened and their participation in decision-making on matters that concern them is promoted.
How are cases of complicity in crimes against the public administration addressed in Guatemala?
Cases of complicity in crimes against the public administration in Guatemala are addressed considering the seriousness of affecting the integrity of the public sector. Guatemalan laws may provide additional sanctions for accomplices involved in acts of corruption or abuse of power.
How is the confidentiality of informants and whistleblowers who report suspected money laundering activities protected in the Dominican Republic?
Protecting the confidentiality of informants and whistleblowers who report suspected money laundering activities in the Dominican Republic is essential. Secure reporting mechanisms are established that allow people to report anonymously if they wish. Authorities and financial institutions are required to keep the identity of informants and complainants confidential, and there is legal protection to prevent retaliation. Promoting confidentiality and protecting whistleblowers are key elements to encourage the reporting of suspicious activities and strengthen the fight against money laundering in the Dominican Republic.
How are defamation and slander cases regulated in the Ecuadorian judicial system?
Cases of defamation and slander are regulated in Ecuador through provisions of the Comprehensive Organic Penal Code (COIP). Affected individuals can file criminal complaints to have these crimes investigated, seeking sanctions for those who spread false information with the intention of damaging the reputations of others.
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