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What is the difference between a limited company and a public limited company in Brazil?
In the limited company in Brazil, the liability of the partners is limited to the contributed capital, while in the public limited company the liability of the shareholders is limited to the subscribed shares.
How is income generated by construction activities and real estate projects taxed in Ecuador?
Income generated from construction activities and real estate projects in Ecuador may be subject to specific taxes. Builders and developers must understand how income taxes, withholdings at source and other taxes related to this sector are applied. Additionally, it is essential to know the specific regulations for the recognition of costs and expenses related to real estate projects to ensure proper tax compliance.
What is the policy of the government of El Salvador in relation to the promotion of equal opportunities in access to decent housing services for low-income families?
The government of El Salvador has established policies to promote equal opportunities in access to decent housing services for low-income families. Social housing programs are implemented that seek to provide affordable and quality housing solutions. The construction and rehabilitation of housing is promoted, financing policies and subsidies are established to facilitate access to housing, and the regularization of land ownership is strengthened. In addition, it seeks to guarantee accessibility, safety and basic infrastructure in homes to ensure a dignified life for families.
How are sales contracts with penalty clauses for non-compliance regulated in Costa Rica?
Sales contracts with penalty clauses for non-compliance in Costa Rica are regulated considering general principles of equity and proportionality. Penalty clauses must be reasonable and proportionate to the foreseeable harm caused by non-compliance. The legislation seeks to avoid excessive penalties that may be considered abusive. It is crucial to draft these clauses clearly and carefully to ensure their validity and enforceability. In the event of a dispute, courts will assess the reasonableness of penalties based on the circumstances of the contract and the degree of non-compliance.
Can a seizure in Peru affect the debtor's ability to obtain a contract for public services, such as electricity or gas?
In general, a seizure in Peru should not affect the debtor's ability to obtain a contract for public services, such as electricity or gas. Public services are considered essential and are regulated by specific entities. However, in some exceptional cases, if there is an outstanding debt related to utilities, there may be situations where steps are taken to ensure payment of the debt before entering into a new contract.
How is verification of risk lists integrated into the due diligence process in mergers and acquisitions in Ecuador?
In the context of mergers and acquisitions, verification of risk lists is integrated as an essential part of the due diligence process. Companies should closely examine the status of potential partners or target companies on these lists to assess the associated risks. This ensures that transactions are carried out ethically and legally, protecting the interests of all parties involved...
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